Georgia Institute of Technology College of Sciences

Surface bundles and Lefschetz fibrations over surfaces constitute a rich source of examples of smooth, symplectic, and complex manifolds. Their sections and multisections carry interesting information on the smooth structure of the underlying four-manifold. In this talk we will discuss several problems and results on surface bundles, Lefschetz fibrations, and their (multi)sections, which we will tackle, for the most part, using various mapping class groups of surfaces.

We prove the moduli space M_{g,n} of the surface of g genus with n punctures admits no complete, visible, nonpositively curved Riemannian metric, which will give a connection between conjectures from P.Eberlein and Brock-Farb. Motivated from this connection, we will prove that the translation length of a parabolic isometry of a proper visible CAT(0) space is zero. As an application of this zero property, we will give a detailed answer toP.Eberlein's conjecture.

Let S_g be a closed orientable surface of genus g > 1 and C a simple closed nonseparating curve in S_g. Let t_C denote a left handed Dehn twist about C. A fractional power of t_C of exponent L/n is a h in Mod(S_g) such that h^n = t_C^L. Unlike a root of a t_C, a fractional power h can exchange the sides of C. We will derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of both side-exchanging and side-preserving fractional powers. We will give some applications of the main result in both cases.

Recently, Sarkar showed that a smooth marked cobordism between two knots K_1 , K_2 induces a map between the knot Floer homology groups of the two knots HFK(K_1 ), HFK(K_2 ). It has been conjectured that this map is well defined (with respect to smooth marked cobordisms). After outlining what needs to be shown to prove this conjecture, I will present my current progress towards showing this result for the combinatorial version of HFK.

Berge has a construction that produces knots in S^3 that admit a lens space surgery. Conjecturally, his construction produces all such knots. This talk will consider knots that have such a surgery, and some of their contact geometric properties. In particular, knots in S^3 with a lens space surgery are fibered, and they all support the tight contact structure on S^3. From recent work of Hedden and Plamenevskaya, we also know that the dual to a lens space surgery on such a knot supports a tight contact structure on the resulting lens space.

The curve complex C(S) of a closed orientable surface S of genusg is an infinite graph with vertices isotopy classes of essential simpleclosed curves on S with two vertices adjacent by an edge if the curves canbe isotoped to be disjoint. By a celebrated theorem of Masur-Minsky, thecurve complex is Gromov hyperbolic. Moreover, a pseudo-Anosov map f of Sacts on C(S) as a hyperbolic isometry with "north-south" dynamics and aninvariant quasi-axis. One can define an asymptotic translation length for fon C(S).

I will discuss the following geometric problem. If you are given an abstract 2-dimensional simplicial complex that is homeomorphic to a disk, and you want to (piecewise linearly) embed the complex in the plane so that the boundary is a geometric square, then what are the possibilities for the areas of the triangles? It turns out that for any such simplicial complex there is a polynomial relation that must be satisfied by the areas. I will report on joint work with Jamie Pommersheim in which we attempt to understand various features of this

We will discuss SL(N,C) representations of 3-manifolds, and their complex volumes, theoretically and computationally.

The Neumann-Zagier equations are well-understood objects of classical hyperbolic geometry. Our discovery is that they have a nontrivial quantum content, (that for instance captures the perturbation theory of the Kashaev invariant to all orders) expressed via universal combinatorial formulas. Joint work with Tudor Dimofte.

The outer automorphism group Out(F) of a non-abelian free group F of finite rank shares many properties with linear groups and the mapping class group Mod(S) of a surface, although the techniques for studying Out(F) are often quite different from the latter two. Motivated by analogy, I will present some results about Out(F) previously well-known for the mapping class group, and highlight some of the features in the proofs which distinguish it from Mod(S).