Georgia Institute of Technology College of Sciences

This is continuation of talk from last week. Periodic orbits of flows on $3$ manifolds show very rich structure. In this talk we will try to prove a theorem of Ghrist, which states that, there exists vector fields on $S^3$ whose set of periodic orbits contains every possible knot and link in $S^3$. The proof relies on template theory.

In this talk we consider the problem of finding basic solutions to linear programs where some vertices are excluded. We study the complexity of this and related problems, most of which turn out to be hard. On the other hand, we show that forbidding vertices from 0-1 polytopes can be carried out with a compact extended formulation. A similar result holds for integer programs having a box-integrality property. We discuss some applications of our results.

Coefficient Inverse Problems (CIPs) are the hardest ones to work with in the field of Inverse Problems. Indeed, they are both nonlinear and ill-posed. Conventional numerical methods for CIPs are based on the least squares minimization. Therefore, these methods suffer from the phenomenon of multiple local minima and ravines. This means in turn that those methods are locally convergent ones. In other words, their convergence is guaranteed only of their starting points of iterations are located in small neighborhoods of true solutions. In the past five years we have developed a new numerical method for CIPs for an important hyperbolic Partial Differential Equation, see, e.g. [1,2] and references cited there. This is a globally convergent method. In other words, there is a rigorous guarantee that this method delivers a good approximation for the exact solution without any advanced knowledge of a small neighborhood of this solution. In simple words, a good first guess is not necessary. This method is verified on many examples of computationally simulated data. In addition, it is verified on experimental data. In this talk we will outline this method and present many numerical examples with the focus on experimental data.REFERENCES [1] L. Beilina and M.V. Klibanov, Approximate Global Convergence and Adaptivity for Coefficient Inverse Problems, Springer, New York, 2012. [2] A.V. Kuzhuget, L. Beilina and M.V. Klibanov, A. Sullivan, L. Nguyen and M.A. Fiddy, Blind backscattering experimental data collected in the field and an approximately globally convergent inverse algorithm, Inverse Problems, 28, 095007, 2012.